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p> ???? ?? ??? MnO ??? ??? ???(Co), ?? ? ?? ??? ??(Cu)? ?(Fe)??. Colorants in blue- and red-colored beads are cobalt (containing MnO), and copper and iron, respectively. The stabilizers of the red beads are unique in that they allow the distinction among beads excavated in other areas in South Korea owing to their compositional differences. This implies that Baekje region and Silla-Gaya region used different glass. Second, there is a possibility that Baekje region and Silla-Gaya region had different distribution routes. Looking at the flow of glass culture, the tomb that are lead barium glass IItype and potash glass I, IItype is relatively preceding period and the tomb that are soda glass and lead barium glass IIItype is following period. Through the chemical composition, the first and second type is soda glass, the third type is potash glass, the fourth and fifth type is lead barium glass. 1 of Jeongchon Tomb in Naju through chemical composition analyses and observations. 3 tomb of Bogam-ri have more color variations than those excavated from Jeongchon Tombs. The glass fragments excavated from the Jeongchon Tombs can be classified into purplish blue, light-purplish blue, greenish blue, green, and mixture of purple blue and purple, based on their color.</p><p> Based on these analyses, the glass beads were divided into blue, purple, and red colors. Currently the construction method for recycled glass block is limited. Secondly, the dry construction method could be adopted for enhancing sustainable features of reuse after the construction. The block design pattern can be diversified with help of parametric design process of dividing surface, rearrangement of block grid for each construction method, and allotment of units into surfaces. Projection type with steel joint and two hole block type with steel pipe is analyzed for the proper method to make diverse design types. The artist adopted the circles as the main motif of his design that can be found both in the Korean traditional windows and in the stained glass windows in the west. The purpose of this study was to develop design strategies for recycled glass block by means of parametric design tools. https://controlc.com/fadc1318 revealed the material composition and characteristics of 19 glass fragments excavated from stone chamber No. In this article, the temporal and spatial characteristics and the development of ancient Korean glass beads were studied through interdisciplinary analyses of the glass beads in terms of outward appearance and chemical composition.</p><p> Especially, 0.12EJ of the total 0.4EJ for residential heating and cooling is attributable to heat loss through windows. Recent the importance of thermal environment control through windows is catching concerns about building energy savings according to increasing window-to-wall ratio. To predict the impact energy of monolithic glass like annealed glass and tempered glass, a finite element approach based on Sun's higher-order beam finite element and impact energy equation is proposed. The monolithic glass, without damage, under impact loading, is studied by the use of the coded finite element program. The purpose of this research is to analyze the energy use and cost by using RESFEN program to four widows for detached house in Seoul and Busan. Approximately 24% of the total source energy is used by buildings and residential buildings consumed 56% of building energies by 2006 yearbook of energy statistics in Korea. Accordingly, Korean government is trying to encourage energy savings by strengthening of building energy code. This amounts to 1.6% of total energy consumption in Korea. The purpose of this study was to identify the characteristics of the ancient glass of the Mahan-Baekje period. These characteristics were compared with the characteristics of the glass fragments excavated from No.</p><p> The purpose of this study is to execute the investigation of injurious factors causing muscle-skeletal diseases at an automotive glass manufacturing company and, on the basis of the results, to enhance productivity by the improvement of working environment. Based on the result of the evaluation, to enhance the working environment, improvement of worktable, working space, tools, and outfit was suggested, and induction of mechanical system was also suggested. Suggested improvement plan was applied to the workplace step by step and it is confirmed that improvement plan not only removes the injurious factors of muscle-skeletal diseases but also is effective to enhance productivity. This site showed the aspect that the chemical composition is changed according to the feature of glass shape and was found that various chemical compositions. According to their chemical composition, the 16 samples were classified into 3 potash glass and 13 soda glass groups; in the latter, the properties of the stabilizers were divided according to the blue and red bead colors. According to chemical composition analyses, soda glass group and potash glass group were common in both the tombs.</p>